Shaded areas indicate common regions of external swelling from the respective abdominal hernias.  1, Paracostal  hernia; 2, dorsal lateral hernia; 3,
   inguinal  hernia; 4, cranial pubic ligament rupture [prepubic hernia]; 5, femoral hernia; 6, umbilical hernia;   7, ventral hernia;   8, scrotal hernia.